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pencil-beam approximation

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  • Radiative transfer equation and diffusion theory for photon transport in biological tissue — Photon transport in biological tissue can be equivalently modeled numerically with Monte Carlo simulations or analytically by the radiative transfer equation (RTE). However, the RTE is difficult to solve without introducing approximations. A… …   Wikipedia

  • radar — /ray dahr/, n. 1. Electronics. a device for determining the presence and location of an object by measuring the time for the echo of a radio wave to return from it and the direction from which it returns. 2. a means or sense of awareness or… …   Universalium

  • Sonar — This article is about underwater sound propagation. For atmospheric sounding, see SODAR. For other uses, see Sonar (disambiguation) …   Wikipedia

  • Monte Carlo method for photon transport — Modeling photon propagation with Monte Carlo methods is a flexible yet rigorous approach to simulate photon transport. In the method, local rules of photon transport are expressed as probability distributions which describe the step size of… …   Wikipedia

  • Ray (optics) — Ray of light redirects here. For other uses, see Ray of light (disambiguation). In optics, a ray is an idealized narrow beam of light. Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividing the real light field up… …   Wikipedia

  • Mean free path — In physics, the mean free path is the average distance covered by a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, a photon) between successive impacts (collisions) [1] which modify its direction or energy or other particle properties. Contents 1… …   Wikipedia

  • Numerical aperture — The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half angle θ of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens. In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes… …   Wikipedia

  • Optical aberration — v · d · e Optical aberration …   Wikipedia

  • Witness accounts of the Roswell UFO incident — Follows are excerpts of witness accounts of the Roswell UFO incident.In 1978, author Stanton T. Friedman interviewed Jesse Marcel, who voiced his suspicion that debris he recovered on a ranch near Roswell in 1947 was not of this world. Over the… …   Wikipedia

  • motion-picture technology — Introduction       the means for the production and showing of motion pictures. It includes not only the motion picture camera and projector but also such technologies as those involved in recording sound, in editing both picture and sound, in… …   Universalium

  • History of structural engineering — The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first engineer in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient… …   Wikipedia

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